A energia solar no Brasil: uma análise histórica sobre o setor

Abstract

Photovoltaic solar energy has consolidated itself as a central pillar in the Brazilian energy transition, becoming the second largest source in the national electric matrix in just over a decade. This Final Course Paper (TCC) aims to analyze the historical and regulatory trajectory of Distributed Generation (DG) in Brazil, evaluating the impact of legal frameworks and business models that propelled this exponential growth. The methodology employed combined bibliographic research and document analysis of key regulatory acts, with emphasis on Normative Resolution No. 482/2012 and Law No. 14,300/2022, complemented by a case study of the Solar Energy Subscription model, exemplified by Órigo Energia, and market data provided by ABSOLAR and sector agencies. Results demonstrate that the legal certainty established by Net Metering was the initial catalyst for the sector, but scalability and democratization of access were driven by innovative business models, such as Shared Generation, which relieved the final consumer of the initial investment. The analysis indicates that the growth in installed capacity (surpassing 60 GW) positions Brazil as a global leader in expansion, but projects future challenges related to intermittency and the need for grid modernization. It is concluded that the future of the sector may be conditioned upon the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), Energy Storage (Batteries), and the adoption of Smart Grids, which will enable efficient energy flow management and ensure the continuity of solar source expansion within the context of a decentralized electric system